The idea of a railway museum appeared in 1924, proposed by inspector general Theodor Balș, and on 10 June 1939 the „Railwaymen's Museum" opened beneath the stands of the Giulești stadium. Since 1 May 1953 the collection has lived in the railway building on Calea Griviței, next to Gara de Nord, where it remains today. It was refurbished in 1969 for the centenary of Romania's first line, and reopened to the public on 16 May 2012 together with the diorama.
Today it is run by CENAFER as the Public Collection of Romanian Railway History. Its holdings include 37 steam locomotives, kept in depots across the country, fifteen of them classified as national treasure.